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City of Edinburgh (Fortress) Royal Engineers
The City of Edinburgh (Fortress) Royal Engineers was a volunteer unit of the British Army under various titles from 1886 until 1999. Its main role was defence of the Firth of Forth, but it also provided detachments for active service in the field during both World Wars.
==Submarine miners==
Lieutenant-General Sir Andrew Clarke, Inspector-General of Fortifications 1882–6, did not have enough Regular Royal Engineers (RE) to man the fixed mines being installed to defend British ports. He decided to utilise the Volunteer Engineers for this task, and after successful trials the system was rolled out to ports around the country.〔Beckett, pp. 184–5.〕〔Short ''et al'', pp. 1–4.〕 The Forth Division Submarine Miners was the fifth unit of Volunteer Submarine Miners, a new corps raised in 1886. The first officers' commissions were issued on 2 April 1887 and by the end of the century the unit was a major's command, with three companies. Initially, the headquarters was aboard the mine depot ship HMS ''Dido'' at Leith, the port of Edinburgh, but moved to Queen Street, Edinburgh, in 1905.〔Westlake, pp. 15–6.〕〔(Edinburgh Engineers at Regiments.org )〕〔''Monthly Army List'', January 1899.〕
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